What are the applications of power batteries, the difference between power batteries and ordinary batteries

The power battery is the power source that provides the power source for the tool, and mostly refers to the battery that provides power for electric vehicles, electric trains, electric bicycles, and golf carts. It differs mainly from starter batteries used for car engine starting. Valve-sealed lead-acid batteries, open tubular lead-acid batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries are mostly used. So what are the advantages of power batteries? What is the difference between a power battery and an ordinary battery? Let's take a look at ABAIGE with you.power battery

The structure of the power battery

1. Battery cell

A battery cell is a basic unit device that directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy, including electrodes, separators, electrolytes, housings, and terminals, and is designed to be rechargeable.

2. Battery module

The battery module is a combination of more than one battery cell in series, parallel or series-parallel, and only has a pair of positive and negative output terminals, and is used as a power supply assembly

3. Battery unit

A battery unit consists of dozens of battery cells or battery modules connected in series to form a battery unit. Several battery cells are connected in series to form a power battery assembly.

4. CSC acquisition system

Each battery unit has multiple CSC acquisition systems to monitor the voltage and temperature information of each battery cell or battery group.

The CSC acquisition system reports the relevant information to the battery control unit (BMU) and performs cell voltage equalization according to the instructions of the BMU.

5. Battery control unit

Installed inside the power battery assembly, it is the core component of the battery management system. The battery control unit (BMU) reports information such as cell voltage, current, temperature, and high-voltage insulation of the whole vehicle to the vehicle controller (VCU), and completes the control of the power battery according to the instructions of ∨CU.

6. Battery high voltage distribution unit

Installed at the positive and negative output terminals of the power battery assembly, it is composed of a high-voltage positive relay, a high-voltage negative relay, a precharge relay, a current sensor, and a precharge resistor.

7. Maintenance switch

Located on the middle surface of the power battery assembly, turn on the glove box switch of the sub-instrument in the cab to operate the maintenance switch. Disconnecting the service switch prior to inspection and maintenance of high voltage components ensures that the high voltage is cut off.

Application of power battery

1. Automobile and motorcycle industry

It is mainly to provide electrical energy for the starting ignition of the engine and the use of on-board electronic equipment.

2. Industrial power system

It is used for power transmission and transformation substations, to provide closing current for power units, and to provide backup power and communication power for public facilities.

3. Electric vehicle and electric bicycle industry

Replacing gasoline and diesel as the driving power source for electric vehicles or electric bicycles.

4. Military field

Due to the wide application of high technology in the military, modern warfare has become a high-tech warfare dominated by digital and information weapons. This mode of warfare makes military energy sources with high efficiency, high specific energy density, and fast refueling an urgent need on the modern battlefield. Today, the technology development of high-energy power batteries has been intensively carried out in countries around the world, such as the use of new lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells.

Main performance indicators of power battery

1. Power battery voltage

The power battery voltage is divided into terminal voltage, open circuit voltage, rated voltage, end-of-charge voltage and end-of-discharge voltage. The potential difference between the positive and negative poles of the power battery is the terminal voltage. The terminal voltage when there is no load is called the open-circuit voltage. The standard voltage output by the battery during operation is the rated voltage. The voltage limit value when the battery is charging is the termination of charging. Voltage, the voltage limit value during discharge is the discharge termination voltage.

2. Power battery capacity

Capacity refers to the amount of electricity that a battery can discharge under certain discharge conditions. It is represented by the symbol C. The unit is usually A･h or mA･h, which is equal to the product of the discharge current and the discharge time. Capacity can be divided into theoretical capacity, nominal capacity and rated capacity.

3. Power battery energy and energy density

The energy of the battery refers to the electric energy that the battery can output under a certain discharge system, and the unit is Wh or kWh, which affects the driving distance of the electric vehicle.

Energy density refers to the energy that a battery can output per unit mass or unit volume, and is also referred to as mass specific energy or volume specific energy. In the application of electric vehicles, the mass specific energy of the battery affects the overall vehicle quality and driving range of the electric vehicle, while the volume specific energy affects the layout space of the battery.

4. Power battery power and power density

Power refers to the energy output by the battery per unit time under a certain discharge system, and the unit is W or kW.

Power density, also known as specific power, is the output power per unit mass or unit volume of the battery. Specific power is an important indicator to evaluate whether the battery and battery pack meet the acceleration and climbing ability of electric vehicles.

Advantages of power batteries

1. Super long life

The cycle life of long-life lead-acid batteries is about 300 times, and the maximum is 500 times. However, the best battery cycle life of lithium iron phosphate power batteries currently produced can reach more than 2,000 times. Standard charging (5 hours rate) use, Up to 2000 times. The lead-acid battery of the same quality is "new half year, old half year, and maintenance and maintenance for half a year", which is only 1 to 1.5 years at most, while lithium iron phosphate battery will reach 7-8 years when used under the same conditions. Taken together, the price-performance ratio will be more than 4 times that of lead-acid batteries.

2. Safe to use

Lithium iron phosphate completely solves the hidden safety problems of lithium cobalt oxide and lithium manganate. Lithium cobalt oxide and lithium manganate will explode under strong collision, posing a threat to the life safety of consumers. Safety tested to prevent explosions even in the worst traffic accidents.

3. High current 2C fast charge and discharge

Under the special charger, the battery can be fully charged within 40 minutes of 1.5C charging, and the starting current can reach 2C, while the lead-acid battery does not have this performance now.

4. High temperature resistance

The electric heating peak of lithium iron phosphate can reach 350℃~500℃, while lithium manganate and lithium cobaltate are only around 200℃.

5. Large capacity

Compared with the traditional car battery, the power battery has a much larger capacity. The general power battery can drive the car to run more than 150km at least, and the good power battery can reach more than 300km.

6. No memory effect

Traditional nickel-cadmium batteries have a memory effect, so it is easy to reduce the battery capacity. There is no need to worry about the power battery, which can be charged at any time.

7. Small size and light weight

Due to the adoption of new technology, the power battery is smaller and lighter than the traditional heavy and large battery.